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Volkswagen · NHTSA safety record

2023 Volkswagen ID.4

Every safety complaint, recall and defect investigation the US government holds on this vehicle.

Owners have filed 459 safety complaints about the 2023 Volkswagen ID.4 with the US government. Of those, 53 describe a crash, 7 mention a fire, 32 people were injured and no death is recorded. 14 recall campaigns are open against it.

The most complained-about system is the electrical system, named in 229 complaints, 50% of the total. The typical failure was reported at 12,000 miles, the median across the 48 complaints that gave an odometer reading.

Compiled from NHTSA's complaint, recall and investigation files · Covers November 2022 to September 2026 · How this is counted

What is on file

459 complaints on file

459

Complaints

53

Describe a crash

7

Mention fire

32

People injured

0

Deaths

A complaint is an unverified account by the person who filed it, not a finding of fault. One complaint is one ODI number, which is how NHTSA counts them.

A recall is the manufacturer conceding a defect, and the repair is free. Whether one covers your particular car is a question only its VIN can answer, because a campaign covers a production range rather than a model year.

Which system owners named

Complaints naming each system
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 229 · 50%
UNKNOWN OR OTHER 118 · 26%
FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE 73 · 16%
STRUCTURE 60 · 13%
VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL 57 · 12%
BACK OVER PREVENTION 47 · 10%
SERVICE BRAKES 36 · 8%
POWER TRAIN 31 · 7%
ENGINE 26 · 6%
FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM 23 · 5%
LANE DEPARTURE 21 · 5%
EQUIPMENT 20 · 4%
0 92 185

Red marks a system with a recall campaign against it. One complaint can name several systems, so these add up to more than 459.

When the complaints arrived

By the year NHTSA received them

By the year NHTSA received them, which is not the year the failures happened. They peaked in 2024 at 182.

192 144 96 48
22 23 24 25 26

This is the year the complaint was filed, not the year the failure happened. The range runs from 2022 to 2026, the last of them a part year, which is why its column is drawn faint.

Crash test ratings

NHTSA New Car Assessment Program

NHTSA crashes a car into a barrier and a pole and measures what happens to the dummies inside. This is what it awarded the 2023 Volkswagen ID.4, and it is a separate question from what owners report going wrong later.

Test SUV AWD SUV RWD
Overall
Frontal crash
Frontal, driver
Frontal, passenger
Side crash
Side barrier
Side pole
Rollover
Chance of rollover 10.9% 10.3%
Stability control standard Forward collision warning standard Lane departure warning standard

A rating belongs to a tested body style and drivetrain, not to the model as a whole, which is why more than one is listed. A dash means NHTSA did not rate that test for this vehicle.

Recall campaigns

14 on file

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:PROPULSION SYSTEM:TRACTION BATTERY

26V030000 · January 21, 2026

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023-2025 ID.4 vehicles. The high-voltage battery may overheat.
The risk
A high-voltage battery that overheats increases the risk of a fire.
The remedy
Dealers will update the high-voltage battery software, and replace the high-voltage battery, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 18, 2026. Owners may contact Volkswagen customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 93EA. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov on January 23, 2026.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 43,881 vehicles across all model years covered

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:PROPULSION SYSTEM:TRACTION BATTERY

26V028000 · January 21, 2026

Park outside until repaired

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023-2024 ID.4 vehicles. The high voltage (HV) battery cell modules may contain misaligned electrodes that can result in a battery fire.
The risk
A vehicle fire while parked or driving can increase the risk of injury.
The remedy
Owners are advised to park outside immediately after charging and not leave their vehicles charging indoors overnight until the recall repair is complete. Also, owners are advised not to use Level 3 DC chargers and to limit the maximum charge of the battery to 80% until the remedy has been completed. Dealers will replace the high voltage battery cell modules as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 18, 2026. Owners may contact Volkswagen customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 93EW. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov on January 23, 2026.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 670 vehicles across all model years covered

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:PROPULSION SYSTEM:TRACTION BATTERY

25V836000 · December 3, 2025

Park outside until repaired

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023-2024 ID.4 vehicles. The high voltage (HV) battery cell modules may contain misaligned electrodes that can result in a battery fire.
The risk
A vehicle fire while parked or driving can increase the risk of injury.
The remedy
Owners are advised to park outside immediately after charging and not leave their vehicles charging indoors overnight until the recall repair is complete. Also, owners are advised not to use Level 3 DC chargers and to limit the maximum charge of the battery to 80% until the remedy has been completed. Dealers will replace the high voltage battery cell modules as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 11, 2026. Owners may contact Volkswagen customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 93EV. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov on December 5, 2025.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 629 vehicles across all model years covered

SERVICE BRAKES

25V434000 · June 30, 2025

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023-2025 Atlas, Atlas Cross Sport and 2023-2024 ID.4 vehicles. Certain bolts on the chassis, brake system and/or suspension (such as bolts for certain cross member, engine mount, control arm, subframe, rear brake carrier, etc.) of affected vehicles may not have been correctly tightened during the manufacturing process.
The risk
A loss of vehicle control increases the risk of a crash.
The remedy
Dealers will replace the bolts as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 25, 2025. Owners may contact Audi customer service at 1-800-253-2834. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 42HX.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 546 vehicles across all model years covered

POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION:GEAR POSITION INDICATION (PRNDL)

25V120000 · February 27, 2025

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2021-2023 ID.4, 2022-2023 Audi Q4 e-Tron, and Q4 e-Tron Sportback vehicles. The instrument panel may not properly display the transmission gear lever indicator. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 102, "Transmission Shift Lever Sequence, Starter Interlock, and Transmission Braking Effect."
The risk
Failure to display the gear position may result in a vehicle rollaway if the parking brake is not engaged, increasing the risk of a crash.
The remedy
Dealers will update the brake control unit software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 14, 2025. Owners may contact Volkswagen customer service at 1-800-893-5298 or Audi customer service at 1-800-253-2834. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 97H3. Audi's number for this recall is 454R.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 60,490 vehicles across all model years covered

BACK OVER PREVENTION: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERA

24V875000 · November 20, 2024

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023 ID.4 vehicles. The rearview camera image may not display when the vehicle is placed in reverse or when the park function is manually activated. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."
The risk
A blank rearview camera display can reduce the driver's rear visibility, increasing the risk of a crash.
The remedy
Dealers will replace the peripheral camera control module, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 26, 2025. Owners may contact Volkswagen customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 91B3.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 385 vehicles across all model years covered

STRUCTURE:BODY:DOOR:HANDLE:EXTERIOR

24V651000 · September 4, 2024

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2021-2024 ID.4 vehicles. The door handles may allow water to enter the circuit board assembly, which can cause the doors to open unexpectedly.
The risk
A vehicle door that opens unexpectedly while driving increases the risk of injury.
The remedy
Volkswagen dealers will inspect and replace the door handles as necessary, and update the vehicle software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on December 27, 2024. Owners may contact Volkswagen's customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 57J9. This recall expands previous recall numbers 23V-312 and 23V-213. Vehicles previously repaired under 23V-312 and 23V-213 will need to have the new remedy completed.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 99,064 vehicles across all model years covered

AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:PASSENGER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE

24V643000 · August 28, 2024

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (VW) is recalling certain 2023-2024 ID4 vehicles. The fasteners securing the passenger frontal air bag inflator may be loose.
The risk
An improperly secured air bag inflator may not deploy as intended, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.
The remedy
Dealers will inspect and replace the air bag as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed October 10, 2024. Owners may contact Volkswagen customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen’s number for this recall is 69E8.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 837 vehicles across all model years covered

BACK OVER PREVENTION:SOFTWARE

24V344000 · May 15, 2024

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (VW) is recalling certain 2021-2023 ID.4 vehicles. Due to a software issue, affected vehicles may experience center displays and instrument panel displays that do not boot, or that sporadically reset. This can result in loss of speedometer information or loss of rearview camera image. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard numbers 101, "Control and Displays" and 111, "Rear Visibility."
The risk
Displays that do not show critical information, such as vehicle speed or the rearview camera image, increase the risk of a crash.
The remedy
Dealers will update the vehicle software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on December 20, 2024. Owners may contact VW customer service at 1-800-893-5298. VW's number for this recall is 919A.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 79,965 vehicles across all model years covered

STRUCTURE

23V750000 · December 7, 2023

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023-2024 ID.4 vehicles. The interior sunshade for the panoramic glass roof may be insufficiently fire retardant. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 302, "Flammability of Interior Materials."
The risk
In a fire, fabric that is not fire retardant may further fuel a fire, increasing the risk of injury.
The remedy
Dealers will apply flame retardant to the sunshade fabric, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 15, 2023. Owners may contact Volkswagen's customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 60G3.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 24,025 vehicles across all model years covered

STRUCTURE:BODY:DOOR:HANDLE:EXTERIOR

23V213000 · March 29, 2023

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023 ID4 vehicles. The affected vehicles may have been manufactured with door handles that allow water to enter the circuit board assembly, which can cause the door to open unexpectedly when the vehicle is subject to high lateral forces at speeds below 9 mph/15 kmh.
The risk
A vehicle door that opens unexpectedly while the vehicle is in motion increases the risk of injury.
The remedy
Volkswagen dealers will inspect each door handle and replace them, if necessary, free of charge. A vehicle software update will also be performed to update the door handle parameters. Owner letters were mailed May 26, 2023. Owners may contact Volkswagen's customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 57J4. This recall was replaced by recall number 24V-651

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 15,989 vehicles across all model years covered

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:12V/24V/48V BATTERY:CABLES

22V956000 · December 29, 2022

Park outside until repaired

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023 ID4 rear-wheel drive vehicles. The 12-Volt battery charging cable may contact the steering column shaft and cause the cable insulation to wear, possibly resulting in a short circuit.
The risk
A short circuit may cause a loss of drive power, increasing the risk of a crash. A short circuit also increases the risk of a vehicle fire.
The remedy
Owners are advised to park outside and away from structures until the remedy has been completed. Dealers will inspect the 12-Volt battery charging cable and repair or replace it, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed February 27, 2023. Owners may contact Volkswagen's customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 97HA.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 1,042 vehicles across all model years covered

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:PROPULSION SYSTEM:TRACTION MOTOR

22V830000 · November 9, 2022

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2023 ID4 vehicles. The electric motor sealing ring was improperly assembled, which may allow coolant to leak into the high-voltage system and interfere with the CAN communication and power supply.
The risk
Coolant that leaks into the high-voltage system may impact safety-critical systems and warning lights, causing a loss of vehicle control or unintended air bag deployment, and increasing the risk of a crash or injury.
The remedy
Dealers will inspect and replace the electric motor, if necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed January 6, 2023. Owners may contact Volkswagen's customer service at 1-800-893-5298. Volkswagen's number for this recall is 19Q9.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 393 vehicles across all model years covered

BACK OVER PREVENTION:DISPLAY FUNCTION

22V823000 · November 2, 2022

The defect
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (Volkswagen) is recalling certain 2022 Golf R A8, Audi S3, RS3 Sedan, Q4 E-Tron SUV, A3 Sedan, and 2022-2023 Volkswagen Golf GTI, and ID4 vehicles. The rearview camera image may be blank or unresponsive when the vehicle is placed in reverse gear or when the park function is manually activated. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."
The risk
An inoperative rearview camera display can reduce the driver's rear visibility, increasing the risk of a crash.
The remedy
Dealers will replace the rearview camera, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed to Audi owners February 14, 2023. Volkswagen owners will receive an owner notification letter once remedy parts become available. Owners may contact Volkswagen's customer service at 1-800-893-5298 and Audi's customer service at 1-800-253-2834. Volkswagen's numbers for this recall are (Volkswagen) 91EK and (Audi) 91EL.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. · up to 2,607 vehicles across all model years covered

Defect investigations

1 on file

An investigation means NHTSA has decided a pattern is worth examining. A preliminary evaluation is often closed with no action; an engineering analysis is the stage that usually precedes a recall.

Inadvertent Door Opening

RQ24010

Closed recall query · opened May 16, 2024 · closed November 4, 2024

the latches, locks and linkages

On May 16, 2024, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Recall Query (RQ) RQ24010 to investigate the remedy and scope of recalls 23V-213 and 23V-312. The affected vehicles by these recalls included model years (MY) 2021 through 2023 Volkswagen ID.4 vehicles. ODI received reports of the vehicle’s doors opening while the vehicle was in motion post recall remedy.  ODI, also, received similar allegations on vehicles that were outside the scope of the recalls. Volkswagen issued recall 23V-213 on March 29, 2023, and recall 23V-213 on May 03, 2023. These recalls addressed the defect of water ingress into the circuit board assembly of the door handle. Water ingress can cause communication issues between the door handle and the door control until. This malfunction resulted in the vehicle door inadvertently opening while the vehicle was in motion. Over the course of the investigation, ODI received 17 unique VIN VOQ complaints of the vehicle doors opening while the vehicle was in motion occurring either post recall remedy or on a vehicle that was outside the recall scope. Volkswagen submitted 190 unique VIN complaints reporting the same circumstances. On September 4, 2024, Volkswagen submitted recall 24V-651 to address the issue of inadvertent opening of the door while the vehicle is in motion. The scope of this recall expands the affected vehicles to include all MY2021-2024 Volkswagen ID.4 models, including those remedied under the subject recalls. The recall remedy consists of replacement of the door handle assembly on all four doors as well as a software update.  The software update is performed to update the door handle parameters. The new door handle will have the membrane relocated to the back of the handle to avoid standing water within the handle.  Also, a protective coating will be on the front and back of the circuit board to avoid direct moisture formation. In view of the action being taken by Volkswagen, Recall 24V-651, ODI is closing this Recall Query.  The Agency reserves the right to take additional action if warranted by future circumstances. To review the ODI reports cited in the Closing Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.

In owners’ own words

Quoted from the complaint file

Quoted from NHTSA's complaint file. These are unverified accounts by the people who filed them, not findings of fault.

FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE: AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING

10 injured

I was arriving for an appointment and preparing to parallel park on the street. I was parking on a street in front of the office building, which is located on a corner. I observed the second and third vehicles parked from the corner were preparing to depart. I moved my vehicle slightly to the shoulder and activated my blinker to wait for the vehicles to leave. I idled next to the car parked at the corner to allow room for the departing vehicles to exit and for myself to pull in. Both vehicles pulled out of their parking spaces and into the street. I then proceeded to accelerate to pull into a parking spot. As two spots had opened, it was large enough for me to pull in forward without

NHTSA complaint 11624260, quoted in part. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

SERVICE BRAKES

3 injured · crash · towed

Date/Time of Incident: 1/29/36 at approximately 5:44 PM Location: Small school parking lot Vehicle: 2023 Volkswagen ID.4 On 1/29/36 at approximately 5:44 PM, I was pulling out of a parking space at low speed in a small school parking lot in my 2023 Volkswagen ID.4. As I began to move, the vehicle suddenly accelerated on its own, the steering would not turn left, and the car did not respond to braking, moving at an abnormal rate of speed over a very short distance. Prior to this, there had been no warning messages or alerts, except a routine notification to service the car in 1,000 miles. The collision involved three vehicles: my VW, the main car I hit, and a rental car. My car spun and

NHTSA complaint 11715038, quoted in part. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

AIR BAGS

3 injured · crash · towed

My primary safety complaint is that the automatic emergency-call function failed during an actual airbag-deployment collision even though the SOS indicator was green and appeared to show that the system was operational. The vehicle is a 2023 Volkswagen ID.4, VIN [XXX]. On XXX, at approximately 8:04 a.m., while traveling southbound on Columbia Pike near Trader Joe’s, the vehicle was involved in a collision that deployed the airbags. The vehicle automatically initiated the emergency-call sequence but announced words to the effect of, “Your call cannot be completed.” The Montgomery County Police Department investigated the collision under Incident Number XXX. Fortunately, a passerby witnessed

NHTSA complaint 11752045, quoted in part. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL

2 injured · crash · towed · 4,000 miles

The contact owned a 2023 Volkswagen ID4. The contact stated that while parking the vehicle and attempting to remove the key from the ignition the vehicle erroneously accelerated forward driving over a curb and crashed into a traffic pole. The vehicle continued to accelerate forward into an intersection and crashed head-on into a second vehicle. During the crash, both vehicles were destroyed. The driver sustained a left arm laceration from the air bag deploying. The front passenger sustained a left arm laceration and abdomen contusion. The dog located in the rear passenger seat sustained an eye injury. All required medical treatment. No injury was reported from the second vehicle. A police

NHTSA complaint 11594899, quoted in part. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

VISIBILITY/WIPER
The front windshield wiper system intermittently malfunctions on both the driver and passenger sides. During operation, either wiper blade can fold or roll over on itself instead of remaining properly positioned against the windshield. The vehicle and wiper system are currently available for inspection upon request. This creates a safety concern because the malfunction can reduce the effectiveness of the windshield wipers during rain and impair forward visibility. I initially believed the problem was caused by the wiper blades. I replaced the existing blades with new Bosch OE-style replacement blades, including a Bosch 28AOE on the driver side. The new blades generally operated normally,

NHTSA complaint 11767476, quoted in part. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Recall 93EA / NHTSA campaign 26V030000 (high-voltage battery). I am the owner of a 2023 Volkswagen ID.4 subject to safety recall 93EA (high-voltage battery). I live on the [XXX], and bought the car on this island from Pre-Owned Motor Cars. There is no authorized Volkswagen recall-service facility on the island; VW directs me to a dealer on [XXX], requiring inter-island ocean shipment of the vehicle. Since XXX, I have pursued the no-charge recall remedy through VW Customer Care, and since XXX I have an official case.number On XXX VW verbally refused any loaner vehicle and refused to escalate my call to a supervisor. On XXX, VW confirmed its position in writing : reimbursement of only 25% of

NHTSA complaint 11767068, quoted in part. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

UNKNOWN OR OTHER
Shortly after purchasing my 2023 Volkswagen ID.4, the vehicle developed a failure involving the telematics/Car-Net system. The vehicle could not connect properly to Volkswagen ID/Car-Net services, the built-in GPS location was significantly inaccurate, and the SOS/emergency-call function was unavailable/deactivated. Volkswagen diagnosed the telematics/Car-Net control module as failed and replaced the module. After replacement, the SOS/emergency-call system, GPS, and connected services returned to normal operation. I am filing this complaint because the failed module affected the vehicle’s emergency-call capability, not just convenience features. If the SOS system is unavailable during or

NHTSA complaint 11766794, quoted in part. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
I have experienced this situation two times this past week in a parking lot. I pulled out of a space and was only going 2 to 3 miles an hour and the car lunged forward quickly and then stopped. Luckily nothing was in front of me.

NHTSA complaint 11766045. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

UNKNOWN OR OTHER
While driving on the highway, the entire infotainment started continuously rebooting over and over. I lost the ability to see my speed and which gear I was in among other things. They said that it is not part of the existing recall.

NHTSA complaint 11765842. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

170,000 miles

The contact owns a 2023 Volkswagen ID.4. The vehicle was repaired under NHTSA Campaign Number: 26V030000 (ELECTRICAL SYSTEM). The contact stated that the vehicle failed to charge with chargers more than 220 Volts, and the message "Electrical System Not Working Correctly, Please Service Vehicle" was displayed. The local dealer was contacted; however, the vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The manufacturer was notified of the failure. The failure mileage was 170,000.

NHTSA complaint 11762796. Filed by an owner and not verified by NHTSA or by us.

Compare

Other years of the Volkswagen ID.4

Model year Complaints Recalls Deaths
2025 27 1 —
2024 48 8 —
2022 136 7 —
2021 335 11 —

Other 2023 Volkswagen models

Atlas 133 Taos 109 Tiguan 68 Jetta 43 Atlas Cross Sport 19 Arteon 14

Complaints on file, same model year.

Every Volkswagen on this site — 155 vehicles.

If this is your car and a dealer keeps failing to fix it, your state's lemon law may require the manufacturer to replace it or buy it back. How many repair attempts it takes, and how long you have to file, is set by the state you bought in and by nothing on this page.

Where these numbers come from

A complaint is one owner's account and has not been verified by NHTSA or by us. A vehicle with more complaints is not necessarily worse: models that sold in larger numbers collect more of them. How this is counted.

Compiled and maintained by
Independent developer and analyst